On constrained Volterra cubic stochastic operators

We consider constrained Volterra cubic stochastic operators and construct several Lyapunov functions for the constrained Volterra cubic stochastic operators. We prove that such kind operators do not have periodic trajectories. Finally, we show that the set of all constrained Volterra cubic stochastic operators is a convex compact set and find the extreme points of this set.     

Ion transmission in an electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interface using an S-lens

We present the design and performance of an in-house built electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) interface equipped with an S-lens ion guide. The ion source was designed specifically for our ion beam experiments to investigate the chemical reactivity and deposition of the clusters and nanoparticles. It includes standard ESI-MS interface components, such as nanoelectrospray, ion transfer capillary, and the S-lens. A custom design enables systematic optimization of all relevant factors influencing ion formation and transfer through the interface. By varying the ESI voltage and flow rate, we determined the optimal operating conditions for selected silica emitters. A comparison of the pulled silica emitters with different tip inner diameters reveals that the total ion current is highest for the largest tip, whereas a tip with the smallest diameter exhibited the highest transmission efficiency through the ESI-MS interface. Ion transmission through the transfer capillary is strongly limited by its length, but the loss of ions can be reduced by increasing the capillary voltage and temperature. The S-lens was characterized over a wide range of RF frequencies and amplitudes. Maximum ion current was detected at RF amplitudes greater than 50 V peak-to-peak (p/p) and frequencies above 750 kHz, with a stable ion transmission region of about 20%. A factor of 2.6 increase in total ion current is observed for 650 kHz as RF amplitudes reach 400 V p/p. Higher RF amplitudes also focus the ions into a narrow beam, which mitigates their losses when passing through the ion guide.     

二维拉格朗日坐标系下气粒混合双向耦合对激波流场影响的计算

喷射颗粒与气体混合是内爆压缩领域的热点和难点. 针对喷射混合中的气粒双向耦合问题, 开展了理论建模、离散算法以及颗粒反馈对激波流场的影响研究. 建立了拉格朗日计算框架下的数学模型; 给出了耦合源项的离散算法; 开展了平面及汇聚构型条件下, 气粒双向耦合的数值模拟研究; 发现了颗粒反馈导致气体激波提速现象以及气区流场物理量分布形态的改变, 初步获得了量化分析结果. 本文建立的数学模型、计算方法和获得的新的物理认识, 为深入理解喷射混合现象、解决相关工程应用问题提供了重要理论支撑.     

基于预测控制的非连续路段下移动机器人的轨迹跟踪

针对非连续路段下的轨迹跟踪问题,设计了基于观测型的预测控制器。首先建立了移动机器人的运动学模型,根据机器人的运动学模型得出了其位姿误差微分方程;然后在轨迹跟踪问题的基础上,设计了系统的观测模型,通过将预测控制器与系统的观测模型结合,设计了观测型预测控制器;最后再MATLAB环境下,利用本文所设计的控制器对移动机器人在非连续路段下的轨迹跟踪问题进行仿真,并将仿真结果与PID控制器控制的仿真结果进行对比,由仿真结果可以看出,本文所设计的控制器具有很好的鲁棒性、快速性及稳定性,可适用于移动机器人的轨迹跟踪的研究。     

Finding the transition state without initial guess: the growing string method for Newton trajectory to isomerization and enantiomerization reaction of alanine dipeptide and poly(15)alanine

We report a new, high-dimensional application of a method for finding a transition state (TS) between a reactant and a product on the potential energy surface: the search of a growing string along a reaction path defined by any Newton trajectory in combination with the Berny method (Quapp, J Chem Phys (2005), 122, 174106; we have provided this algorithm on a web page). Two given minima are connected by a one-dimensional, but usually curvilinear reaction coordinate. It leads to the TS region. The application of the method to alanine dipeptide finds the TS of the isomerisation C(7 ax) --> C(5), some TSs of the enantiomerisation of C(7 ax) from L-form to quasi-D-form, and it finds the TS region of a transition of a partly unfolded, bent structure which turns back into a mainly alpha-helix in the Ac(Ala)(15)NHMe polyalanine (all at the quantum mechanical level B3LYP/6-31G: the growing string calculation is interfaced with the Gaussian03 package). The formation or dissolvation of some alpha- or 3(10)-hydrogen bonds of the helix are discussed along the TS pathway, as well as the case of an enantiomer at the central residue of the helix.     

基于深圳市出租车轨迹数据的高效益寻客策略研究

出租车作为城市公共交通的重要补充形式,在居民日常出行中发挥着重要作用.然而,客源时空分布不均衡导致了出租车空载率高、寻客难度大等问题,降低了出租车的运营效率.随着ITS（intelligent transport system）技术的发展,越来越多的学者将出租车寻客模式作为其研究点,目前尚缺乏对基于寻客效益指标的寻客策略方法的研究.为了提高出租车寻客效益,提出了基于寻客效益指标模型的时空分析方法,将出租车载客态单位时间收入E及相邻空载态寻客时间T相结合作为寻客效益评价指标,并采用数理统计与地理统计相结合的方法,对高效益客源的时空分布特征进行研究.采用深圳市2011年4月18-24日一周内13 798辆出租车的GPS轨迹数据,分析了深圳市出租车的运营特点及人们出行需求的时空分布特征.结果表明：该方法能够较好地反映高效益客源的时空分布特征,为出租车高效益寻客提供辅助决策支持,也为出租车高效运营提供了新的视角.     

基于RRT-GPM两阶策略的导弹编队协同突防最优轨迹快速设计

为了提高导弹编队的自主飞行能力,在考虑弹间协同相对运动关系(通信、避碰、探测)和突防硬/软约束的情况下,对弹群的多约束快速轨迹优化问题进行了研究。针对高斯伪谱法初值确定困难和快速搜索随机树法结果曲折不寻优难以满足动力学约束的不足,通过对高斯伪谱法快速性的分析和初值选取方法的研究,提出了快速搜索随机树+高斯伪谱法两阶快速轨迹优化策略,充分利用快速搜索随机树法的全空间搜索能力为高斯伪谱法提供寻优初始值,同时利用高斯伪谱法的快速性和最优性对快速搜索随机树法的结果进行平滑和进一步寻优,从而快速获得最优的弹群飞行轨迹。领-从弹编队飞行模式下的仿真结果表明,两阶策略能够快速获得满足各种约束的弹群最优飞行轨迹,优化时间约为单独高斯伪谱法所需时间的20%左右,很大程度上提高了轨迹优化的快速性和准确性,并且证明了不同约束条件对优化速度和优化结果的影响。     

纸页受力微损伤演化过程的声发射及多元统计特征

纸页受载后的损伤断裂行为涉及其使用性能,对其损伤断裂过程的研究不仅有助于揭示纸页破坏行为的物理本质,而且有助于对纸页质量及其生产、加工工艺作出更加科学合理的评定。本文基于声发射(Acoustic Emission,AE)实验研究纸页内部微损伤演化过程,给出了评估纸页宏观损伤断裂性能的定量描述方法。首先,根据AE信号与微损伤事件之间存在本质上的关联性,通过采集和观测纸页试样受载过程中的AE信号来研究纸页损伤断裂的基本特征;其次,针对所采集AE信号的数据量大、蕴含信息丰富导致数据分析和处理困难的特点,本文采用多元随机变量的分析方法。利用概率熵和Andrews曲线法等统计分析手段对AE数据展开研究分析,并最终利用一条损伤状态轨迹曲线实现了对纸页微损伤演化过程的完整宏观描述。结果表明,纸页微损伤演化过程呈现明显阶段性变化特征;Andrews曲线的聚类结果有效地区分了不同损伤阶段的相似性和差异性,同时,不同损伤阶段中纸样的微观形貌观测提供了实验性的证据。本文以一种典型的牛皮箱板纸为试件,验证了上述方法的有效性。     

滑动摩擦力作用下弹簧振子的振动

对在粗糙水平面上作振动的弹簧振子进行研究,探讨该弹簧振子最后停止的位置,估算了弹簧振子的振动总次数,得出弹簧振子的相轨迹.     

C (3P)+NO (X2)CN (X2+)+O (3P) 反应的矢量相关研究

采用准经典轨线方法研究了三个不同碰撞能下,反应C (3P)+NO (X2)CN (X2+)+O (3P) 在Nyman等拟合的两个势能面（2A" 和 2A'）上反应物与产物之间的矢量相关. 结果表明在两个势能面上产物的转动角动量矢量不仅取向,而且沿着y轴垂直于散射平面定向,产物的角动量定向依赖于碰撞能和势能面. 同时,计算的四个重整化极化依赖微分截面显示产物在三个散射角被强烈极化,这与在两个势能面上的三个过渡态有关.